Time Transition View of Aral Sea

© Earth Science Hub (Made using Google Earth Photos)

Time transition view of the Aral Sea from 1985 to 2020. It is clearly visible that the impact of climate change is an inevitable fact.

Anthropogenic Seismic Noise & COVID-19

Reduction of anthropogenic seismic noise due to COVID-19 lockdown

                                                                                                                                  -- Sandro Chatterjee

The Planet Earth is still trying its best to get rid of the unwanted guest, COVID-19. The impact of the virus is going to have a prolonged effect on the history of mankind. The down falling economies, joblessness, death of an entire generation are the harshest truth to stand with. But as the earth already refused to surrender in this battle vs. COVID -19, scientists all around the globe are looking for every positive impact in the upcoming days due to this deadly virus and the positive effects are now being signaled by the pulse of a seismometer.

The lack of human activities due to this prolonged lockdown caused human linked vibrations to be decreased by 50% between March and May 2020. The quiet period caused by the increasing social distancing, closure of industries, pubs, hotels, stadiums, and movies is the longest and most pronounced quiet period of Seismic noise ever recorded. The research work, led by Royal Observatory of Belgium and Imperial College London shows the dampening effects are most prominent in the densely populated areas. The quietness and the decreased human-generated noise are helping the researchers to accurately differentiate between natural and human seismic noises and are allowing them to detect previously concealed earthquake signals. The study also found the signatures of this lockdown measure on sensors buried hundreds of meters under the ground in remote areas. Researchers are eager to name this quiet period as “Anthropause”, as the anthropogenic activities are minimal and are the main causes to create this historical period. To read the full story Click Here.

The reduced anthropogenic noise in Brussels, Belgium after lockdown (source: Royal Observatory of Belgium)

By 2025, carbon dioxide levels in Earth’s atmosphere will be higher than at any time in the last 3.3 million years

By 2025, carbon dioxide levels in Earth’s atmosphere will be higher than at any time in the last 3.3 million years

Source: GeologyPage

The composition of fossilised zooplankton shells has enabled the
reconstruction of past pH and CO2. Credit: University of Southampton  

By 2025, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels will very likely be higher than they were during the warmest period of the last 3.3 million years, according to new research by a team from the University of Southampton published today in Nature Scientific Reports.

The team studied the chemical composition of tiny fossils, about the size of a pinhead collected from the deep ocean sediments of the Caribbean Sea. They used this data to reconstruct the concentration of CO2 in Earth’s atmosphere during the Pliocene epoch, around 3 million years ago when our planet was more than 3°C warmer than today with smaller polar ice caps and higher global sea-levels.

 

Dr. Elwyn de la Vega, who led the study, said: “Knowledge of CO2 during the geological past is of great interest because it tells us how the climate system, ice sheets and sea-level previously responded to the elevated CO2 levels. We studied this particular interval in unprecedented detail because it provides great contextual information for our current climate state.”

To determine atmospheric CO2, the team has used the isotopic composition of the element boron, naturally present as an impurity in the shells of zooplankton called foraminifera or ‘forams’ for short. These organisms are around half a millimetre in size and gradually accumulate in huge quantities on the seabed, forming a treasure trove of information on Earth’s past climate. The isotopic composition of the boron in their shells is dependent on the acidity (the pH) of the seawater in which the forams lived. There is a close relationship between atmospheric CO2 and seawater pH, meaning past CO2 can be calculated from the careful measurement of the boron in ancient shells.

 

Dr. Thomas Chalk, a co-author of the study, added: “Focussing on a past warm interval when the incoming insolation from the Sun was the same as today gives us a way to study how Earth responds to CO2 forcing. A striking result we’ve found is that the warmest part of the Pliocene had between 380 and 420 parts per million CO2 in the atmosphere. This is similar to today’s value of around 415 parts per million, showing that we are already at levels that in the past were associated with temperature and sea-level were significantly higher than today. Currently, our CO2 levels are rising at about 2.5 ppm per year,  meaning that by 2025 we will have exceeded anything seen in the last 3.3 million years.”

Professor Gavin Foster, who was also involved in the study, continued: “The reason we don’t see Pliocene-like temperatures and sea-levels yet today is that it takes a while for Earth’s climate to fully equilibrate (catch up) to higher CO2 levels and, because of human emissions, CO2 levels are still climbing. Our results give us an idea of what is likely in store once the system has reached equilibrium.”

Concluded Dr. de la Vega, “Having surpassed Pliocene levels of CO2 by 2025, future levels of CO2 are not likely to have been experienced on Earth at any time for the last 15 million years, since the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum, a time of even greater warmth than the Pliocene.”

Original article: The paper, “Atmospheric CO2 during the Mid-Piacenzian Warm Period and the M2 glaciation” is published in Nature Scientific Reports. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67154-8

NASA Monitors Environmental Signals From Global Response to COVID-19

NASA Monitors Environmental Signals From Global Response to COVID-19

Source: NASA

Decreases in air pollution, specifically tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO2), over the Northeast United States due to COVID-19 response. Credits: NASA / Science Visualization Studio.

For the past several weeks, much of the world has experienced a new normal: one with fewer cars on the road and more time spent at home. Despite these changes, NASA’s Earth-observing fleet continues to operate, collecting key observations on how the planet is responding to this changing behaviour due to restrictions in place from COVID-19.

“Much like our satellites, our work continues remotely,” explains Acting Director for NASA’s Earth Science Division Sandra Cauffman. “NASA Earth scientists continue to collect and analyze satellite and ground-based data on a global scale, and our programs are helping to characterize and understand the global environmental signals. We do this by analyzing existing, long-term datasets and funding new, cutting-edge research.”

Ongoing observations of air quality and of Earth at night have helped provide immediate examples of how Earth’s systems are responding to these changes in human behaviour. From space, NASA’s Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard the Aura satellite and the European Space Agency’s TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) aboard the Sentinel-5P satellite have provided the data behind the images of rapidly falling nitrogen dioxide (NO ) levels around the world due to people sheltering in place.....Read more.